TCEP manufacturer Lamisil Once is composed of acrylate octyl

Lamisil Once is composed of acrylate/octylacrylamide copolymer and hydroxypropyl cellulose, whereas DA5505 is composed of chitosan. Acrylate copolymers possess negative charge that does not allow them to interact with the negatively charged cell membrane making the film weaker. In addition, acrylate copolymers eventually develop mechanical strain that might have reduced the duration of active film formation by Lamisil Once. By contrast, chitosan is cationic in nature and could easily interact with anionic skin surface thus maintaining the film for a longer time. This leads to skin hydration followed by keratinocyte swelling that disrupts the lipid packing, thus accelerating the flux of active pharmaceuticals. In addition, DA5505 provided enhanced terbinafine permeation and retention along with a better pharmacokinetic profile compared with other formulations in the in vivo model. These results are attributable to the presence of chitosan and ethanol in DA5505 formulation, as previously discussed. Taken together, our results encourage the potential use of DA5505 for single application (not daily use), similar to Lamisil Once, to improve the treatment of tinea pedis. The guinea pig model of tinea pedis, which resembles natural infection in humans, was successfully developed by treating the hind feet of the animals with T. mentagrophytes (a zoophilic dermatophyte causing ringworm). Reports indicate that TCEP manufacturer of T. mentagrophytes quickly penetrate into the stratum corneum of inoculated feet, invading the entire layer just above the granular layer boundary, thus provoking a strong inflammatory response and subsequent clinical manifestations. DA5505 presented improved therapeutic efficacy in the tinea pedis model with significant reduction in culture-positive feet, compared with other treatments. Stratum corneum is an effective barrier for the penetration of drugs to successive skin layers. Therefore, formulation plays an important role in enhancement of drug skin penetration. Our results indicate improved ability of DA5505 to aid penetration of terbinafine through the stratum corneum. Furthermore, several studies have suggested that, after penetration, terbinafine accumulates in the skin, with high concentrations persisting for several weeks even after discontinuing the treatment. Therefore, DA5505, offering improved skin penetration and retention of terbinafine, has the potential to accentuate the fungicidal effect of the drug, improving long-term tinea pedis cure rates.
Conclusion In summary, to obtain adequate skin permeation and retention of terbinafine for successful tinea pedis therapy, DA5505, a novel film-forming gel formulation was developed, containing ethanol as solvent and chitosan as the film-former. Compared with other marketed formulations of terbinafine, DA5505 (in a single application, similar to Lamisil Once) exhibited improved in vitro and in vivo therapeutic effects and could greatly contribute to the current treatment modality for tinea pedis.
Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, which may vary in severity from mild localized plaques to generalized involvement covering nearly the whole body. In 2003, a genetic profiling study revealed that psoriasis was strongly associated with HLA-Cw6 in Chinese patients. According to two studies conducted based on the Taiwanese National Health Insurance database, the 1-year prevalence rates of psoriasis in Taiwan were estimated to be 0.19% and 0.235%, respectively. The Taiwanese National Health Insurance database has enabled research on a wide range of issues regarding the epidemiology of psoriasis. In Taiwan, male patients with psoriasis are put at a higher risk of developing sexual dysfunction, with a hazard ratio of 1.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.46; p=0.001), whereas in pregnant women with severe psoriasis, an increased risk of low birth weight infants has been found. Patients with psoriasis are more likely to suffer from concomitant conditions including chronic diseases such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and malignant tumors such as nonmelanoma skin cancer and lymphoma. In addition, vitiligo bears significant relation to psoriasis. Arthritis is found to be a potential determinant for incident vascular comorbidities in psoriatic patients. Among diabetic patients, regular insulin use is associated with development of psoriasis, whereas frequent use of thiazolidinedione may be related to a modest reduction in psoriasis risk.