• Multiple mechanisms have been suggested

  2022-05-19

  

  Multiple mechanisms have been suggested by which glucagon can increase energy expenditure although none have been conclusively proven to be responsible. Both enhanced gluconeogenesis and enhanced protein turnover secondary to hyperglucagonaemia have been suggested as the reason for the increased met

• The chemical structure of BAs

  2022-05-19

  

  The chemical structure of BAs consists of a steroid nucleus with an acidic side chain. They are amphipatic molecules characterized by a hydrophilic α-face and a hydrophobic β-face. The hydrophobic pocket of the FXR LBD interacts with BAs largely through the β-face. The α-face contains several hydrox

• br The Farnesoid X receptor

  2022-05-19

  

  The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR): identification and ligands The Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) belongs to a family of proteins called Nuclear Receptors (NRs). NRs are a class of ligand-activated transcription factors, which transactivate networks of target genes, thereby mediating a wide range of phy

• br Acknowledgement We like to thank the

  2022-05-19

  

  Acknowledgement We like to thank the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy for financial support (GZ402.000/00014-WF/V/6/2016 within the Sino-Austria project) as well as Andrea Szabo and Patricia Haiss for support regarding the drawing of figures and tables. Farnesoid X Re

• br Other strategies for ferroptosis In addition to ROS gener

  2022-05-19

  

  Other strategies for ferroptosis In addition to ROS-generating and GPX4 inactivating nanomaterials, small molecules and genetic manipulation targeting key factors in the ferroptosis pathway have also been tested for their anticancer effects [39,47,48]. Among a myriad of proteins involved in ferro

• A great number of proteins entering the nucleus possess

  2022-05-19

  

  A great number of proteins entering the nucleus possess a characteristic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in their primary structure. One of such sequences is the KKKGK motif [30]. It is present in all known muscle (but not liver – except human liver) FBPase sequences (human, rabbit, rat and mous

• moclobemide sale Despite the importance of intratumor phenot

  2022-05-19

  

  Despite the importance of intratumor phenotypic heterogeneity for tumor progression and therapy resistance (Marusyk et al., 2012, Marusyk and Polyak, 2010), our understanding of regulators of this process and our ability to modulate them are very limited. Recent advances in genomic sequencing and si

• Third across all three signaling molecules examined the

  2022-05-19

  

  Third, across all three signaling molecules examined, the baseline abnormalities seen in Hdc-KO mice resemble the effects seen after H3R activation in wild-type animals. Specifically, MAPK activity (indexed by MSK1 phosphorylation) is increased at baseline in dMSNs of Hdc-KO mice to a similar degree

• Among the symbiotic bacteria contained in the probiotics lac

  2022-05-18

  

  Among the symbiotic bacteria contained in the probiotics, lactic-acid-producing bacteria (LAB) have been suggested to confer broad spectrums of health benefits, such as activation of mucosal and systemic immunity and resistance to infectious illnesses (Schiffrin et al., 1995, Wells and Mercenier, 20

• br Experimental br Acknowledgments The authors are

  2022-05-18

  

  Experimental Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Fundamental Scientific Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2016ZX350030) for financial support. Introduction 2-Lysophosphatidylcholines (1-acyl-glycero-3-phosphocholines, 2-LPC) are blood derived factors involve

• br Regulation of gonadotropins by GnRH GnRH is released from

  2022-05-18

  

  Regulation of gonadotropins by GnRH GnRH is released from the hypothalamus, and its release pattern is known to be pulsatile. That is, the pulse frequency and amplitude of GnRH release vary physiologically during reproductive cycles in females, and differentially stimulate the production and rele

• Our inhibitor studies revealed the presence

  2022-05-18

  

  Our inhibitor studies revealed the presence of a signaling network triggered by dicarbonyl stress. Nevertheless, p38-MAPK activation was clearly necessary for NADPH-oxidase mediated production of ROS. This is consistent with data from other groups using different cell culture systems [37], [38], [39

• The current study also inferred that MT

  2022-05-18

  

  The current study also inferred that MT content in Crassostrea gigas might be associated with the Cd level, and can be affected by MT turnover. The histone demethylase of MT in cytosol is beneficial for aquatic organisms to adapt the seawater contaminated by heavy metals, and MT is a biomarker for

• About epilepsy no specific seizure type has

  2022-05-18

  

  About epilepsy, no specific seizure type has been identified because GLUT1-DS is associated with a wide range of epilepsies: patients develop seizures in infancy and early childhood, which are, frequently, do not respond to anticonvulsant medication. In infants, seizures are described as brief, subt

• GCK MODY is the most common form of MODY

  2022-05-18

  

  GCK-MODY is the most common form of MODY diabetes in many populations (Chevre et al., 1998; Massa et al., 2001; Barrio et al., 2002; Estalella et al., 2007; Pruhova et al., 2010; Capuano et al., 2012; Giuffrida et al., 2017). However, data about GCK-MODY among North African populations are very rare

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