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br Conclusions br Introduction The terms endocrine active an
2019-09-24

Conclusions Introduction The terms endocrine active and endocrine disruptive have been used to describe an ever-expanding list of naturally-occurring and synthetic compounds that interact with mammalian hormonal systems, and in particular, the reproductive system. These compounds have been ass
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br Acknowledgements The study of RING type E s
2019-09-24

Acknowledgements The study of RING-type E3s continues to grow extremely rapidly. We regret that it was possible to only cite a fraction of the outstanding primary publications in this field. This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences grants R01 GM088055 and R01
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br Conformational properties of DGK br Interaction
2019-09-24

Conformational properties of DGKϵ Interaction of DGKϵ with its lipid substrate A major component of the interaction between DGKϵ and lipid bilayers is the insertion of the hydrophobic segment comprising residues 20–42 into the membrane, as discussed above. However, this is not the only interac
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Recently naphthoquinone derivatives have shown
2019-09-24

Recently, naphthoquinone derivatives have shown promising results as antiparasitic lead compounds [28]. Conjugated hybrid compounds could be an effective path to discovery of new drugs by associating two different pharmacophore groups with different mechanisms of action in a single molecule [29,30],
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Our observation that FAK is downregulated in vascular smooth
2019-09-24

Our observation that FAK is downregulated in vascular smooth muscle Phos-tag pathway on fibrillar collagen confirms observations reported for other cell types [14]. However, unlike the results reported previously [14], our work suggests that matrix rigidity per se does not determine FAK downregulat
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In cancer interactions between the transformed cancer cells
2019-09-24

In cancer, interactions between the transformed cancer Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit and other cell types recruited to the tumor are important. Tumor associated macrophages provide cancer cells with a suitable low-grade inflammatory milieu including growth promoting factors. Our results suggest a
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As the primary model we selected LDL receptor knockout
2019-09-24

As the primary model we selected LDL-receptor knockout mice because these resemble the human plasma lipoprotein profile more closely. Currently, genetic models with reduced milk cholesterol content, which mimic cholesterol-free formula feeding, are unavailable. Thus, instead of modifying milk choles
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Concholepas concholepas our model species for this study is
2019-09-24

Concholepas concholepas, our model species for this study, is a marine gastropod found along the Chilean coast that has become commercially important [25], [26], [27]. Until now, the main focus of immunology related to C. concholepas is the production of a novel hemocyanin that has been useful for t
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Egr together with catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes such as
2019-09-24

Egr1, together with catecholamine biosynthetic enzymes, such as tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PNMT), is induced in adrenal medulla by different types of stress (Liu et al., 2005, Morita et al., 1996, Nankova et al., 1993, Papanik
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Everolimus treatment showed an increase
2019-09-24

Everolimus treatment showed an increase in the number of plaques and a reduction in plaque size, depending on concentration and treatment time (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Everolimus-pretreated verapamil hydrochloride adsorbed less virus with more plaque formation in the initial phase of infection (Fig. 3). T
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TBCA pathway CAA is a carcinogenic metabolite
2019-09-24

CAA is a carcinogenic metabolite of vinyl chloride, forming several different DNA adducts including the cyclic TBCA pathway adducts 3,N4-ethenocytosine (εC), 1,N6-ethenoadenine (εA), N2,3-ethenoguanine (εG), and 1,N2-ethenoguanine (1,N2-εG), with the A and C cyclic adducts the most predominant, and
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DGK is not the only DGK
2019-09-23

DGKε is not the only DGK isoform that has been associated with p53. It has been shown that DGKζ binds to p53 and modulates its activity in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus [39]. In the cytosol DGKζ promotes the degradation of p53 through the ubiquitin-proteosome system [39], also a likely mechanis
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DDR plays a crucial role in regulating a
2019-09-23

DDR2 plays a crucial role in regulating a wide variety of fundamental cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and adhesion [17], [28], [29], [30]. The authors revealed compromised cell migration in DDR2-silenced fibroblasts exposed to Ang II, most likely due to the loss of
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In humans individual differences in prefrontal dopamine
2019-09-23

In humans, individual differences in prefrontal dopamine are partially caused by the Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism on the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT). This gene controls activity of the COMT enzyme, which degrades extracellular catecholamines including dopamine. The Val varia
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Two additional hydrogen bonds are formed by
2019-09-23

Two additional hydrogen-bonds are formed by the -substituted methoxy-group with Ser and Asp. Ser exerts the role of a gate keeper in CK1: Entry of the ATP in the binding-site causes a conformational change into the closed form by Ser, which locks the binding-site and prevents ATP-diffusion out of th
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