• The specific functions of ERs

  2023-11-08

  

  The specific functions of ERs and AR underline their crucial roles during different phases of spermatogenesis. Their deregulation could affect numerous downstream targets, thereby, disrupting spermatogenesis and male fertility. Various studies have shown that estrogen-like chemicals in the environme

• Another class of AMPK regulator is

  2023-11-08

  

  Another class of AMPK regulator is peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1), which binds to a number of proteins and regulates oncogenesis and metabolic diseases (Khanal et al., 2013; Zhou and Lu, 2016). Pin1 has been shown to bind to and inhibit AMPK; therefore, at lea

• Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs

  2023-11-08

  

  Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow

• We next developed a system for staging severity

  2023-11-08

  

  We next developed a system for staging severity. Our guiding principles were the following. Two types of information about the research participant are staged independently from each other: (1) grading disease severity using biomarkers and (2) grading the severity of cognitive impairment. Measures u

• MT SGL encourages a individual feature selection based

  2023-11-08

  

  MT-SGL encourages (a) individual feature selection based on the utility of the features across all tasks with ℓ2,1-norm and (b) task specific group selection based on the utility of the group with G2,1-norm, i.e., ceramide regions of interest (ROI) for that task. Unlike basic SGL for regression (Ch

• dhfr inhibitor Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that pl

  2023-11-08

  

  Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that plays pivotal roles in different physiological and pathophysiological processes by triggering specific cell-surface receptors both in the dhfr inhibitor and in the periphery. The adenosine receptors (ARs) are four different subtypes of G protein-coupled re

• The central problem in amnesia developing

  2023-11-08

  

  The central problem in amnesia developing following impairment of long-term memory consolidation or reconsolidation is a question of the underlying mechanisms, whether it is caused by impairment of retrieval or memory storage mechanisms [3,8,9,[15], [16], [17], [18]]. To answer this question, severa

• A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism

  2023-11-08

  

  A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial

• As summarized in Fig autophagy up regulation in terms

  2023-11-08

  

  As summarized in Fig. 1, autophagy up-regulation in terms of Beclin 1 induction, increase of LC3 II and p62 down-regulation were observed between 24 and 72 h of cell incubation, this coinciding with the end of the period 27-OH caused slight reduction of cell viability and proliferation as previously

• While high fat diet models of insulin resistance are accepta

  2023-11-08

  

  While high-fat diet models of insulin resistance are acceptable approaches for the study of pre-diabetes in humans, they are not suitable for modeling progression towards established type2 diabetes. The pattern of activation of the lipoxygenase pathway in pre-clinical models of type2 diabetes has no

• DL-AP5 A different mechanism has been suggested for the

  2023-11-07

  

  A different mechanism has been suggested for the role of TRX1 in ASK1 regulation based on disulfide bond-mediated ASK1 multimerization and its reduction through the thiol-reductase activity of TRX1 (Nadeau et al., 2007, Nadeau et al., 2009). In this model, oxidative stress induces intermolecular dis

• We subsequently performed immunohistochemistry on sections o

  2023-11-07

  

  We subsequently performed immunohistochemistry on sections obtained from mice at 16 weeks after surgery. Type II collagen expression was detected in all articular cartilage zones, but was weak in the upper zone in the vehicle-treated group. MMP-13 and type X collagen expression were increased in the

• br Conclusions In summary KLA isolated from

  2023-11-07

  

  Conclusions In summary, KLA isolated from K. senegalensis exerted the anti-inflammatory activity via inhibiting the activation of NF-κB, AP-1, AKT and upregulating p38 MAPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 and BV-2 dna pk (Fig. 9). These properties provide a potential mechanism th

• br Conclusions br Transparency document br Acknowledgements

  2023-11-07

  

  Conclusions Transparency document Acknowledgements This work was supported by a grant from the European Commission FP6 “Neuroprion” – Network of Excellence and Royal Veterinary College Bioveterinary science research project funding. We thank Professor Alun Williams (Cambridge University) fo

• Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be

  2023-11-07

  

  Not all secondary metabolites or natural products can be fully synthesized due to their very complex structures that are too difficult and expensive on industrial scale. Hence, there is an urgent need to search for alternative remedies as naturally occurring biologically active secondary metabolites

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