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Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of
2021-05-14
Two key enzymes play important roles in the bioconversion of xylitol from d-arabitol, namely d-arabitol dehydrogenase (ArDH) and NADH-dependent xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH), respectively (Qi et al., 2014). In an earlier study, we developed a high xylitol yield strain by expressing xdh in E. coli BL21
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Injurious effects of cigarette smoke CS
2021-05-14
Injurious effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on human health are progressively being acknowledged both in animal and human studies. CS is a highly complex mixture that contains substantive amounts of toxic oxidants, nitric oxide, organic compounds, free radicals and microbial cell components including
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Besides the enhanced expression of
2021-05-14
Besides the enhanced expression of costimulatory and adhesion proteins, also the expression of the CD83 surface molecule is strongly enhanced during DC maturation (Banchereau and Steinman 1998; Banchereau et al. 2000). In fact, CD83 is a major cell surface marker for fully mature DC, as it can not b
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Liver metabolic programming begins in utero Aiming to
2021-05-14
Liver metabolic programming begins in utero. Aiming to find a reason for the decreased lipid catabolism enzyme expression observed in fetuses and offspring from SFD rats, we studied the effect of leptin on liver catabolism in fetuses from control and SFD rats. Livers from control fetuses responded t
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p38 pathway While a growing body of knowledge demonstrates t
2021-05-14
While a growing body of knowledge demonstrates the importance of COX-1 and COX-2 accompanied with neuroinflammation in altitude related conditions. In fact, PGE2 has been widely thought to promote the neuronal inflammation and degeneration in many neurological maladies (Griffin et al., 2013, Jiang a
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It was reported that IVM
2021-05-14
It was reported that IVM modulates various ion channels, such as type-A GABACls, α7 acetylcholine-gated cation channels, P2X4 ATP-gated cation channels, and glycine-gated chloride 65 0 in vertebrates (Adelsberger et al., 2000, Khakh et al., 1999, Krause et al., 1998, Krůšek and Zemková, 1994, Shan
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AZD4547 ERK and p MAPK signaling pathways play critical role
2021-05-14
ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways play critical role in genesis and metastasis of melanoma (Tang et al., 2018). >50% of melanoma AZD4547 (Abildgaard and Guldberg, 2015) show abnormal activity of BRAF-RAS-RAF to activate MEK signal that drives the growth-promoting extracellular signal-regulated ki
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The endothelin receptor type B EDNRB belongs to the family
2021-05-14
The endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) belongs to the family of G protein-coupled receptors, which functions as a vital regulatory factor in signal transduction in cells, locating on human chromosome 13q22.3 (Ayala-Valdovinos et al., 2016; Bregar et al., 2018; Morimoto et al., 2018; Widowati et al.,
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br ILCs anticipate neuronal derived factors Recent studies h
2021-05-14
ILCs anticipate neuronal-derived factors Recent studies have revealed that ILCs express receptors for neural peptides, thus enabling cross-talk with the peripheral nervous system. ILC3s express RET (Figure 2), which is a receptor for members of the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor family of
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br APC C Uses a Dynamic Cullin RING Mechanism
2021-05-13
APC/C Uses a Dynamic Cullin–RING Mechanism to Elongate Polyubiquitin Chains Human APC/C generates Lys11-linked poly-Ub chains through an entirely different mechanism, via the distinctive E2 enzyme, UBE2S 30, 31, 32. Although APC2 and APC11 are necessary and sufficient to activate UBE2S, the mecha
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E is encoded by the largest and most conserved open
2021-05-13
E1 is encoded by the largest and most conserved open-reading frame (ORF) of the PV genome. The protein ranges in size from 600 to 650 amino acids, depending on the PV type. Overall, the protein can be divided into three functional segments: an N-terminal regulatory region that is essential for optim
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We found that the postnatal absence
2021-05-13
We found that the postnatal absence of norepinephrine yields differing effects depending on noradrenergic receptor type and AXL1717 region. The density of α1-AR, indicated by [3H]prazosin binding was similar between Dbh+/− and Dbh−/− mice except for a significant increase in hippocampus in Dbh−/− m
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br Conclusions br Conflict of interest statement br Acknowle
2021-05-13
Conclusions Conflict of interest statement Acknowledgments This research was funded by São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (ProcessN. 2012/08621-1). Thanks to F.J.H. Blázquez and the staff of the Laboratório de Anatomia Microscópica e Imuno Histoquímica (LAMIH − FMVZ − USP) for the permi
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br Results br Discussion The importance of mitochondria for
2021-05-13
Results Discussion The importance of mitochondria for the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is now emerging. It is evident that, despite the well-known Warburg effect, tumors have active mitochondrial bioenergetic metabolism (Marin-Valencia et al., 2012, Hensley et al., 2016). Disrup
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Golgicide A Consistent with previous simulations on the DFG
2021-05-13
Consistent with previous simulations on the DFG-Asp-out/-in interconversion of Abl kinase, we only observe the DFG flip with protonated Asp747 (Shan et al., 2009). We showed previously that the pKa for the DFG-Asp in Abl is elevated at 6.5. Further “constant pH” simulations whereby protonation event